Environmental Concerns in European Regions. 

This article talks about the rising environmental concerns in the European Region as we all know there is a need for several policies to be implemented. When it comes to environmental concerns increases with the distribution of income and wealth and lead to a less greenhouse gas incentive industry nowadays, we have to focus on our environment and protect it with whatever little or big we can do.  

Environmental concern has become one of the most important parts of a democracy’s legitimacy, there are nationally determined contributions to global warming and limiting the emissions of greenhouse gasses is not enough. There is more to be done. 

 It can only be possible when there is the involvement of wide public support, and if they are implemented properly by each and every individual. This is not the case in some European regions in Northern and Western Europe concern levels have increased in a short phase of time. 

Since the year 2011, after the financial crises occurred in the year 2008, they have been made a priority according to a hypothesis, value shifts in concerns for less immediate issues, one basic need is socially guaranteed and a high standard of living has been achieved by the people in these European regions. 

A steady decline in the aftermath of the recent recession led several researchers to investigate an environmentally friendly economy whereas, a different strand of literature deals with the influence on environmental factors wherein statistical evidence regarding global warming and local quality. 

The demographic and political along with cultural variants are the determinants involved in environmental attitudes, for instance, the priorities have shifted from climate mitigation to economic policy in times of recession. Numerous studies have explored the aggregate and contextual determinants with various methodological approaches, data sources and country samples. 

It is further indicated that both socio and economic- factors are responsible for the rising environmental concerns in the European regions in terms of environmental characteristics, geographical vulnerability, and others affect endogeneity. Keeping other factors concerned as GDP per capita, unemployment rate, income inequality, rising industrialization, agricultural share, energy prices, urbanization, and migration from one city to another city all are contributors. 

Environmental Quality degradation leads to the following increase in ecological footprints, air pollution, water quality degradation, floods, and wildfire disasters.

An overview of the Economic concerns in the European Regions. 

At the aggregate dominant level changes through the replacement of older generations by the younger generations, the socio-economic conditions change and cause the demographic cycle to rotate. There are multi-level indices involved and various country-level measures are most likely to cause an aggregation bias and only poorly approximates are estimated. 

The Eurobarometer survey, conducted in the year 2009 to 2019, is harmonized to obtain a measure of environmental concern this survey is a repeated cross-section of the entire European population sampled using a multi-staged procedure. The question was promptly answered by the audience when they were asked “what do you think are the two most important issues the country is facing at the moment?” 

Besides income level, growth, and composition, the model space contains a measure of the income distribution. Income inequality is expressed here as the equivalised disposable income of the top 20% over the income of the bottom 20% of the household distribution  In contrast to the Gini coefficient, which is most sensitive to changes in the middle of the distribution, the quintile ratio describes the relation of its tails.

Data on wealth inequality comes from the World Inequality Database (WID).  The net personal wealth of the top 10% over the net wealth of the bottom 50% is included in the model space as a measure of wealth inequality.

While the income ratio reflects differences in the flow of economic assets, the wealth ratio indicates differences in the stock of accumulated capital between the top and bottom of the distribution. Additionally, the net national wealth-to-income ratio is included to capture the capital intensity of an economy.

FAQs – 

Q1. Do you think such economic issues need to be addressed in Europe?? 

Q2. What can be done to increase income levels amongst the population?? 

Conclusion- 

Thus, by summarizing the article, as a measure of the environmental quality of production, the greenhouse gas intensities of the agricultural and industrial sector capture how dependent the regional economy is on fossil technology. This variable is defined as the emission of greenhouse gasses in the respective economic sector, measured in tonnes of CO2 equivalents per 1000 euro real gross value added.

Further included are the regional unemployment rate, consumer price inflation, and biannual energy prices for household consumers. The energy price is defined as the added cost of one kilowatt hour electricity in the 2500–5000 kilowatt hour band and of one kilowatt hour gas in the 20–200 gigajoule band, including taxes.